Cutting Speed Cutting speed of a grinding process is the relative speed of the grinding wheel and the workpiece. It is expressed in m/sec. The cutting speed of the wheel is expressed as Feed Feed in a grinding process is the longitudinal movement of the work mounted on the table per revolution of the grinding…
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Balancing of Grinding Wheels
Grinding wheels rotate at high speeds. The density and weight should be evenly distributed throughout the body of the wheel. If it is not so, the wheel will not rotate with correct balance. The grinding wheels are balanced by mounting them on test mandrels. The wheel along with the mandrel is rolled on knife edges to…
Dressing and Truing of Grinding Wheels
Dressing If the grinding wheels are loaded or gone out of shape, they can be corrected by dressing or truing of the wheels. Dressing is the process of breaking away the glazed surface so that sharp particles are again presented to the work. The common types of wheel dressers known as “Star” -dressers or diamond…
Glazing, Loading and Chattering of Grinding Wheel
Glazing It is the condition of the grinding wheel in which the cutting edges or the face of the wheel takes a glass-like appearance. Glazing takes place if the wheel is rotated at very high speeds and is made with harder bonds. Rotating the wheel at lesser speeds and using soft bonds are the remedies….
Mounting of Grinding Wheel
Great care must be taken in mounting the grinding wheels on the spindle because of high cutting speeds. The following points are important in connection with mounting of grinding wheel. All wheels should be inspected before mounting to make sure that they have not been The wheel is put on an arbor and is subjected…
Standard Marking System of Grinding Wheels
The Indian standard marking system for grinding wheels has been prepared with a view of establishing a uniform system of marking of grinding wheels to designate their various characteristics. Prefix Manufacturer’s abrasive type symbol First element (letter) Type of abrasive Second element (number) …
Grain Size, Grade and Structure of Grinding Wheel
Grain Size (Grit) The grinding wheel is made up of thousands of abrasive grains. The grain size or grit number indicates the size of the abrasive grains used in making a wheel, or the size of the cutting teeth. Grain size is denoted by a number indicating the number of meshes per linear inch of…
Grinding Wheel
A grinding wheel is a multi-tooth cutter made up of many hard particles known as abrasives having sharp edges. The abrasive grains are mixed with a suitable bond, which acts as a matrix to manufacture grinding wheels. According to construction, grinding wheels are classified under three categories. Solid grinding wheels Segmented grinding wheels Mounted grinding…
Grinding Machine Operations
The process of grinding is the operation of removing excess material from metal parts by a grinding wheel made of hard abrasives. The following operations are generally performed in a grinding machine. Cylindrical grinding Taper grinding Gear grinding Thread grinding Cylindrical Grinding Cylindrical grinding is performed by mounting and rotating the work between centres in…
Centreless Grinding
Centreless grinding is a method of grinding external cylindrical, tapered and formed surfaces on workpieces that are not held and rotated between centres or in chucks. There are two types of centreless grinding and they are External centreless grinding Internal centreless grinding External Centreless Grinding Two wheels – a grinding and a regulating wheel are…
Size of Grinding Machine
The size of a grinding machine is specified according to the size of the largest workpiece that can be mounted on the machine. The cylindrical centre type grinding machine is specified by the diameter and length of the largest workpiece the machine can accommodate between centers. The internal centre type grinder is specified by the…
Tool and Cutter Grinding Machines
Tool and cutter grinders are used mainly to sharpen the cutting edges of various tools and cutters. The can also do surface, cylindrical and internal grinding to finish jigs, fixtures, dies and gauges. Base – The base of the machine gives rigidity and stability to the machine. It is bolted rigidly to the floor of the shop…
Surface Grinding Machines
Surface grinding machines are employed to finish plain or flat surfaces horizontally, vertically or at any angle. There are four different types of surface grinders. They are Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table type Horizontal spindle and rotary table type Vertical spindle and reciprocating table type Vertical spindle and rotary table type Horizontal Spindle Surface Grinding…
Cylindrical Grinding Machine
Cylindrical grinders are generally used to grind external surfaces like cylinders, taper cylinders, faces and shoulders of work. There are two types of cylindrical grinding machines and they are External cylindrical grinding machines Internal cylindrical grinding machines External Cylindrical Grinding Machine Cylindrical centre type grinders are intended primarily for grinding plain cylindrical parts. Base – The…
Types of Grinding Machines
Grinding is a metal cutting operation like any other process of machining removing metal in comparatively smaller volume. The cutting tool used is an abrasive wheel having many numbers of cutting edges. The machine on which grinding the operation is performed is called a grinding machine. Grinding is done to obtain very high dimensional accuracy…
Safety Precautions of Shaping Machine
Safety Precautions Regarding Operators No alteration or adjustment should be done on the machine parts while the machine is Clamps holding the work should not be adjusted while the machine is in The machine is to be stopped before cleaning the metal The sharp edges of the work should be handled with The measuring of the work should…
Cutting Speed, Depth of Cut, Feed and Coolant of Shaping Machine
Cutting Speed The distance an object travels in a particular period of time is known as speed. In a shaper, the cutting speed is the speed at which the metal is removed by the cutting tool in a period of one minute. In a shaper, the cutting speed is considered only during the forward cutting stroke….
Operations Performed in Shaping Machine
Different types of operations are performed in a shaping machine. They are broadly classified as Regular operations Special operations Regular Operations Machining Horizontal Surfaces A shaper is mostly used to machine a flat, true surface on a workpiece. Horizontal surfaces are machined by moving the work mounted on the machine table at a cross direction with respect…
Setting of Shaper Table, Vise and Toolhead
The machining accuracy will not be perfect if the machine table and toolhead are not set properly. When the sides are perpendicular, it is referred as squareness. Parallelism means the two sides are absolutely parallel to each other. Alignment is an arrangement in which the relative positions of the table, the jaws of the vise,…
Types of Shaper Tools
The material of the cutting tool used in a shaping machine should have more hardness and temper when compared to the material of the workpiece. So, the shaper tools are made of the following materials High Carbon Steel High Speed Steel Carbide tipped tool Stellite tool Types of Shaper Tools According to the type of…